Hearing “polyps were found” after a colonoscopy can be unsettling, especially if you went in expecting a routine screening. Polyps are common, and many are noncancerous. Still, finding and removing polyps is one of the main reasons colonoscopy is such an important preventive tool. If you’re searching for a colonoscopy doctor near me or a gastroenterologist near me in Surprise, AZ, understanding what polyps are, and what happens after they’re discovered, can make the process feel much clearer.
What are colon polyps, and why do they matter?
A colon polyp is a growth that forms on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Polyps vary in size, shape, and tissue type. Most do not cause symptoms. They matter because some types can slowly change over time and become cancerous. The goal of screening is to find polyps early, remove them safely, and determine whether follow-up should happen sooner.
A digestive health doctor may recommend colonoscopy based on age, family history, symptoms, or prior screening results. During the exam, the clinician evaluates the colon lining and removes polyps when it’s appropriate to do so.
Common types of polyps (and what they usually mean)
Clinicians often describe polyps by their appearance during colonoscopy, but the definitive “type” is determined by pathology after removal.
Hyperplastic polyps
These are often small and commonly found in the lower colon or rectum. Many hyperplastic polyps have a low risk of turning into cancer, though location and size can influence how they’re managed.
Adenomas (adenomatous polyps)
Adenomas are considered pre-cancerous, meaning they can become cancer over time, especially if they are larger or have certain microscopic features. Not all adenomas become cancer, but they are one of the key reasons colonoscopy prevents colorectal cancer, removing them interrupts the progression.
Sessile serrated lesions (also called sessile serrated polyps)
These can be harder to detect because they may be flat and blend into the colon lining. Some serrated lesions are associated with increased risk and can require closer follow-up depending on size, location, and pathology results.
Inflammatory polyps
These may be seen in people with inflammatory bowel diseases. They aren’t always pre-cancerous on their own, but they can appear alongside inflammation that needs monitoring.
Important note: A polyp’s appearance during the procedure is useful information, but the pathology report is what confirms the exact type and risk profile.
How polyps are removed during colonoscopy
Polyp removal is called a polypectomy. In many cases, removal happens during the same colonoscopy in which the polyp is found.
Common removal techniques include:
Cold snare or cold forceps removal
Often used for smaller polyps. A small wire loop (snare) or forceps is used to remove the growth without cautery (heat). This is common and often quick.
Hot snare removal (with cautery)
Used for certain polyps where cautery can help remove tissue and reduce bleeding risk. The technique depends on polyp size, shape, and location.
Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)
Used for larger or flatter polyps. This technique can involve lifting the polyp area and removing it in a controlled manner, sometimes in pieces. EMR is still performed through the colonoscope but is more specialized.
In some situations, a polyp may not be removed right away—for example, if it is very large, in a complex location, or requires a specific approach. When that happens, the clinician will explain next steps.
What pathology checks (and why the report matters)
After removal, the polyp tissue is sent to a pathology lab. Pathology helps answer:
- What type of polyp it is (hyperplastic, adenoma, serrated lesion, etc.)
- Whether it was completely removed (sometimes inferred from margins, depending on the specimen)
- Whether there are cellular changes like dysplasia (abnormal cells)
- Whether there is any evidence of cancer within the polyp (less common, but important to rule out)
The results guide follow-up timing. For example, a small, low-risk polyp may lead to routine surveillance, while multiple polyps, larger polyps, or certain high-risk features can shorten the interval before the next colonoscopy.
Typical pathology timeline after colonoscopy
Timelines vary by facility and lab volume, but many patients receive pathology results within about 1–2 weeks. Some results arrive sooner, and complex cases may take longer. Your clinician’s office may contact you by phone, portal message, or a follow-up appointment depending on the findings.
If you haven’t heard back in the expected window, it’s reasonable to check your portal or reach out to the clinic for an update, especially if you’re anxious about results.
What determines your next colonoscopy schedule
Follow-up intervals depend on several factors, such as:
- Number of polyps found
- Size (small vs larger)
- Type (adenoma vs serrated lesion vs hyperplastic)
- Features on pathology (degree of dysplasia)
- Completeness of removal
- Family history and personal medical history
Many people assume any polyp means “high risk,” but risk is more nuanced. A gastroenterologist near me will use your findings to recommend a surveillance plan that matches your situation rather than a one-size approach.
Symptoms after removal: what’s normal vs what needs attention
After polyp removal, mild cramping, bloating, or small amounts of spotting can happen. Your clinician will usually provide written aftercare instructions. Seek prompt medical attention if you experience:
- Heavy bleeding
- Severe abdominal pain that worsens
- Fever or chills
- Dizziness or fainting
- Persistent vomiting
These symptoms are uncommon, but they’re important to take seriously.
Questions to ask your digestive health doctor in Surprise, AZ
If polyps are found, these questions help you understand the results:
- “What type of polyp was it on pathology?”
- “Were there high-risk features like dysplasia?”
- “Was the polyp removed completely?”
- “How many polyps were found, and what sizes?”
- “When should my next colonoscopy be scheduled?”
- “Do my family history or symptoms change the plan?”
If you want to review screening options or understand what your polyp results mean for follow-up timing, start with reliable colorectal medical advice.
